In this study, the local NPK fertilizers from Indonesia was used to grow Mastigocladus HS-46 biomass with ratio of elements N, P, and K of 12:12:17, which is …
Application of biochar and its beneficial role for plant growth and development. Its amendment to soil exhibit positive effects including lowering of atmospheric carbon levels, stimulation of soil microbes, increase in soil carbon content, imparting drought salinity and metal toxicity tolerance to plants, heavy metal ion …
This study is based on an existing nitrogen fertilizer plant located in East Kalimantan in Borneo Island. East Kalimantan is used as a case study because it has a conventional urea plant that has been operating since 1977 and natural gas reserves in the area are declining. For development of sustainable urea, diversification of feedstock is ...
OPB has been actively pursued as a low-cost feedstock for solid fuel and biochar to reduce the amounts of OPB in landfills, and these uses represent some of …
FERTILIZER IN INDONESIA ... promotes plant growth (Kumar et al., 2022). ... be used as fertilizer feedstock is the first stage in the fertilizer production process. This includes
This document outlines the potential and benefits of biomass energy for agriculture communities and rural development in ASEAN. It also identifies the challenges and …
In a modern plant, nitrogen fertilizer is produced from natural gas. In several transformation steps, natural gas, essentially methane, is upgraded by combination with nitrogen from the air to form nitrogen fertilizer. 80% of the gas is used as feedstock for fertilizer, while 20% is used for heating the process and producing electricity.
The main fertilizer products in Indonesia are urea, ammonium sulfate, NPK complex, and superphosphate. ... The feedstock for all fertilizer plants in Indonesia is natural gas, the production of which is also controlled by the government. ... (Osorio et al. 2011). The fiscal cost of fertilizer are likely to increase in the future due to raw material
5 Use of fertilizer For poor quality soils fertilizer containing small amount of calcium, magnesium, and sulphur can increase yields. Can also use pressed cake from
feedstock supplies increases the costs of stockpiling and limits commercialization. The cellulosic energy plant Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) has conventionally been …
A total of 37.5 million tons of palm empty fruit bunches (EFBs) produced in Indonesia in 2018 have the potential to be used as an alternative eco-friendly solid fuel.
For these reasons, plant-derived oils should be considered an interim solution. 10 It's worth noting, however, that processing vegetable oils for fuels also yields feedstock for chemicals (just like processing mineral oils in a classical refinery yields inputs for chemicals other than fuels). According to the modeling of McKinsey's ...
The future of biomass-based fertilizers in Indonesia holds great potential, with research and development efforts resulting in innovations in production processes, feedstock management, and...
According to studies, agricultural fertilizer use and animal production cause over 80% of anthropogenic nitrous oxide, 70% of ammonia and nearly 10% of nitrogen monoxide emissions (Litskas, 2023; Pan et al., 2022). About 50% of ammonia fertilizer utilized supports crops, while the rest contributes to pollution, forming nitric and sulfuric …
Deforestation for oil palm plantations has seen a resurgence in Indonesia, the world's largest palm oil producer, marking the second consecutive year of increased forest loss and reversing a decade-long trend of decline. ... Bulk Chemical and Fertilizer. Elastomer. Polymer & Resin. Specialty Chemical. Petrochemicals. Metal & Metalloids. …
the usage of nitrogen fertilizers in the harvesting and cultivation also contribute to the global warming impact. Some studies take the CO: 2 : uptake from the atmosphere during the plant growth into account (see e.g. Vink & Davies, 2015; Changwichan et al. 2018) and consider the net CO: 2: effect. Changwichan et al. (2018), for example, find ...
Share of feedstock for fertilizer and petrochemical production costs is around 70%. The high gas price is because the gas gas price contract uses is a fixed price mechanism …
biofuels use waste materials as feedstock, while third and fourth-generation use microalgae. However, only 12% of the current biofuel production are drop-in or second …
large amounts of fertilizers are required to mitigate the soil's low fertility and to boost oil palm yields. Indonesia's use of fertilizers grew by 31% between 1971 to 2007, making …
Pupuk Kaltim is an Indonesian state-owned fertilizer production company located in Bontang, East Borneo. Pupuk Kaltim produces a total of 2.74 million tonnes of ammonia annually from five ammonia plants licensed by KBR and Topsoe. This makes Pupuk Kaltim the largest fertilizer company in southeast Asia.
The development of SBE waste management industries that have licenses in Indonesia are still very lower. This is causes a pile up of SBE waste. ... Vegetable Oil can be reused as feedstock for biodiesel (Kheang et al, 2007; Adadetuyi et al, 2014; Suryani et al, 2017) and ... NPK fertilizer (Purba et al, 2018; Anugrah et al, 2020).
In the past 20 years, the seaweed farming and production process have increased significantly, and play the important role in the fishing industry by country (Cai et al. 2021).According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) data, the global seaweed output (both aquaculture and wild) has increased nearly three-fold from …
Available online at ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 65 (2015) 170 – 179 Conference and Exhibition Indonesia - New, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation (The 3rd Indo-EBTKE …
Microalgae biofuel production is commercially viable because it is cost competitive with fossil based fuels, does not require extra lands, improves the air quality by absorbing atmospheric CO 2, and utilizes minimal water [].However, microalgae biofuels have some disadvantages such as low biomass production, low lipid content in the cells, …
In Indonesia case, data accessibility which will be used in LCA is still very limited. Data collection process is the main focus in inventory analysis and the most time-consuming process of all LCA process [3]. A number of LCA studies on biodiesel production using feedstock from Indonesia has been conducted.
Indonesia has a long history as sugar producer and is one of the top 10 sugarcane producers in the world. The country was self-sufficient until 1985, as reported by the Indonesian Sugar Cane Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistik [BPS] 2013).Sugarcane crop plantations cover 445 thousand hectares mainly in Java (60.3%) and Sumatra (36.7%) …
3.1.1 Implementing BAT for old and new SMR plants in fertilizer production 16 3.2 Blue hydrogen 17 3.3 Green and yellow hydrogen 18 ... the technology study „Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry", Roadmap Chemie 2050 (in German), studies on flexibility in ... Al- though it addresses Haber-Bosch (ammonia ...
Indonesia is the world's largest producer and consumer of palm oil. Its residents are accustomed to frying food in its food culture, hence the massive generation of used cooking oil (UCO).
1. Introduction. Indonesia is a leading palm oil producer, supplying approximately 60% of the palm oil used in the world [1].The oil palm industry is Indonesia's most crucial agricultural business and accounts for approximately 7.5% of total exports [2].The productivity is much higher for oil palms (3–5 t/ha/yr) than for other oilseeds, …
The plant would get gas feedstock from nearby Kasuri block operated by Malaysia's Genting Oil & Gas, he said. ... Fransiska reports on energy and commodity news in Indonesia, a major exporter of ...
Jatropha curcas Plant as A potential Biodiesel Feedstock in Indonesia 97 Table 2. Utilization of Jatropha curcas Plant Whole Plant Root Leaf Latex Seed Barks Twig - Prevent erosion - Fence land - Decoration - Green manure - Prevent desertificati on - Medicine - Medincine (piles, malaria) - Medicine (cancer) - For making: varnish,
80–90% of fossil fuels are used to provide energy, their use as feedstock to produce plastics, fertilizers, and chemicals, is associated with substantial CO 2 emissions.However, ourunderstanding ...
The feedstock for all fertilizer plants in Indonesia is natural gas, the production of which is also controlled by the government. Approximately 8 percent of natural gas production …
This study examines the energy, economic, and environmental advantages of biogas produced from cow dung if it were to replace coal-powered electricity and LPG in …
3 Control of feedstock quality 8 3.1 Feedstock categories 8 3.2 Feedstock description 10 4 Unwanted impurities 11 4.1 Physical impurities 11 4.2 Chemical impurities 11 4.2.1 Heavy metals 11 4.2.2 Organic pollutants 13 4.2.3 Feedstock selection and ongoing quality control 14 4.3 Pathogens and other unwanted biological matter 15
The use of organomineral fertilizers appears to have positive effects on both soil and plant responses, and it can be a useful tool in waste management plans (Smith et al. 2020; Kominko et al. 2017). The physical qualities of mineral fertilizers, such as increased porosity and granule density, are improved by adding organic content.