Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching earths (BEs).
Higher utility properties of bentonite binders are achieved through their activation. This contribution is aimed at finding a suitable activating agent. A number of sodium salts and MgO based ...
Bentonite preparation for (a) dry and (b) wet/thermal activation methods. The second activation method was performed under wet conditions. With this activation method, a solution was prepared by adding a calculated quantity of Na 2 CO 3 corresponding to 1.5%, 3%, 6%, and 12% w/v respectively in distilled water and was left …
Vijayakumar et al. (2009) evaluated acid-activated bentonite as a catalyst in the esterification reaction of the different carboxylic acid with alcohols or p-cresol. Acid activation of bentonite was carried out in concentrated H 2 SO 4 and characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, acid titration and BET surface area. Esterification was carried …
The activation of bentonite results in an increase in the number of active sites, increase the pore volume, increase the surface area, etc. The major process of activation is thermal and acid activation. The acid activation is mostly carried out by sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid. This activation process is carried out in a ratio of 1:3 …
Therefore, it is necessary to modify bentonite through various improvement methods before applications, such as activation, inorganic/organic and polymer method (Chegenizadeh et al., 2018; ... two and a cationic polymer (dodecyl pyridine chloride). The sample was prepared by mixing the polymer solution with bentonite (wet process). XRD …
Particles size distribution (PSD) is introduced as a tool for analysis of bentonite aggregation and swelling kinetics. Raw Ca-bentonite was purified using a combined wet sieving and sedimentation ...
Acid activation of bentonite was carried out in concentrated H 2 SO 4 and characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, acid titration and BET surface area. …
A new method of Na-activation of raw bentonite, rich in Ca-montmorillonite, consisting of combined thermal treatment at 200 °C, followed by immediate impregnation with aqueous solution of Na 2 CO 3 of concentration corresponding to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 cation exchange capacity (CEC) of clay, was investigated. Structural and compositional …
A new process for manufacturing organically compounded bentonite was developed successfully based on the organic intercalation and layered structure of …
Activation of bentonite by acid is an important step for adsorption of some impurities by active clay [6]. This is so-called "activation process". The activation of bentonite is carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor at low temperatures between 70 and 120 °C in the presence of activation agents, mostly sulfuric acid [7].
Understanding the composition and structure of bentonite, as well as the properties it... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate ... Sodium activation) ... Wet volume of ...
In this study, the adsorption of NH 3 gas on a bentonite from Ünye (Turkey) in its natural state and after acid treatments, was investigated experimentally at 298 K and up to 100 kPa. Bentonite was treated with …
Bentonite clay is also rich in minerals like silica, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, and potassium. A good quality bentonite clay is grey or cream in color — steer clear of white "bentonite clay" (since it's likely not actually bentonite clay). It is very fine, has a velvet feel, is odorless and non-staining.
Bentonite, a naturally occurring clay, is renowned for its ability to seal ponds and lakes, effectively preventing water loss through seepage. Packed with absorbent properties, it expands upon contact with water, making it an ideal barrier against leaks. This quality positions bentonite as a critical material for pond
Volcanic Materials in Commerce and Industry. Jonathan Dehn, Stephen R. McNutt, in The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes (Second Edition), 2015. 5.1 Bentonite. Bentonite is an off-white montmorillonite clay formed from altered volcanic ash. It has a sheet-silicate structure and is especially notable for the way in which it absorbs and loses water and for its base …
A new process for manufacturing organically compounded bentonite was developed successfully based on the organic intercalation and layered structure of bentonite. The main steps in the proposed process included wet sodium activation of bentonite ore, organic compounding and high-pressure roll grinding. The optimum …
The objective of this work was to determine the changes of thermal and surface properties of a bentonite from Çankιrι after activation using different concentrations of H2SO4 solutions (0.5–4...
The sodium salt-assisted low temperature activation of bentonite (BB) was attempted. The unique features of the raw bentonite and BB were characterized with respect to the morphological ...
Three different concentrations of H 2 SO 4 (i.e., 3, 5, and 10 N) were used for the activation of 50 g bentonite. The treatment was conducted in a water bath (95–98°C, atmospheric pressure) and 250 ml H 2 SO 4 was slowly added while the mixture was agitated at 400 rpm using a magnetic stirrer. After 2 h, samples were washed (i.e., …
In this study, the use of bentonite clay modified by acid activation is proposed. Sulfuric acid, acetic acid (v-acid/w-clay ratio=20, 40 and 60%) and sulfuric/acetic mixtures (1:1 ratio) were used ...
In the ironmaking process, the addition of an organic binder to replace a portion of bentonite has the potential to improve the performance of pellets. The interaction between original bentonite (OB) and organic binder was investigated. Results indicated that the micromorphology of organic composite bentonite (OCB) became porous and …
The activation of bentonite results in an increase in the number of active sites, increase the pore volume, increase the surface area, etc. The major process of …
Abstract The acid activation of bentonite from Middle Anatolia, consisting of mostly montmorillonite, with a hot solution of H2SO4 with different concentrations was carried out. SEM images, nitrogen sorption isotherms and FTIR spectra were used to examine structural changes of the bentonite with acid activation. Acid–base titration …
Suspension of bentonite in water leads to the swelling of bentonite platelets due to the ingress of water molecules. PSD was determined after aging for 24 hours to allow the full hydration of 6 wt.% …
Thermal activation is observed to increase the intensity of quartz peak due to the removal of impurities and removal of water from the bentonite structure. This …
In this work, nickel-supported bentonite catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation method followed by activation and reduction. The nickel catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity for hydrogenation of furfural …
The sodium salt-assisted low temperature activation of bentonite (BB) was attempted. The unique features of the raw bentonite and BB were characterized with …
The reason that sodium bentonite is the preferred clay for pelletizing is its superior dry strength and the low percentage necessary to bind the pellet. The mixtures of bentonite, iron ore, and water are commonly tested for wet drop strength, wet compression strength, plastic deformation, and dry compression strength. 4. litter
The bentonite clay after acid activation was used as a catalyst for diester preparation using succinic acid and ethanol. The conversion of succinic acid was 62% …
Activation d'une bentonite par un sel d'ammonium 587 3.2. Evolution de la canacite d'echange cationiaue La capacite d'echange cationique mesuree par les deux methodes (cobalt et bleu de
Calcium bentonite may be converted to sodium bentonite (termed sodium beneficiation or sodium activation) to exhibit many of sodium bentonites' properties by an ion exchange process. It is also known as potash bentonite or K-bentonite; potassium bentonite is potassium-rich illitic clay formed from alteration of volcanic ash.
2.2. Activation of Bentonite by Hydrochloric Acid. The hydrochloric acid (HCl) (98%, d = 1.98 g/cm 3) and other chemicals used are of analytical grade. The purified bentonite was prepared for acid activation: 15 g ± 0.01 g of the purified sample was weighed into a flask and 200 mL of 1.0 M HCl was added.