Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry that is produced during the phosphoric acid production process. Annual global PG production ranges between 100 to 300 Mt, with only 15% of that utilized while the rest is usually placed on large dumps with potential serious human and environmental impacts. The aim of this ...
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a waste product of phosphate fertilizer and phosphoric acid industries. Vast quantities of the waste product are generally left stockpiled on the ground or discharged into rivers or ponds, and pose serious environmental concerns.
Phosphogypsum(PG) is one of the typical bulk industrial solid wastes generated in the phosphate chemical industry. Due to its huge production volume and immature resource treatment technology, a large amount of PG can only be stored and disposed in slag yards, and its impact on the ecological environment is becoming increasingly significant during …
Phosphogypsum is transported in pipes as slurry and is very watery when it is first put on the stack. As the phosphogypsum dries out, a crust forms on the stack. The crust thickens over time, reducing the amount of radon that can escape and helping keep the waste from blowing in the wind. Some of the water can leak out the bottom and …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of phosphate fertilizer production that contains radioactive and hazardous elements. This review evaluates the geochemical …
We evaluated the suitability of phosphogypsum from the Lowveld region of South Africa (LSA), for the manufacturing of building materials, with reference to (1) the National Nuclear Regulator Act 47 of 1999 and (2) the radioactivity associated risks as quantified in terms of the external and internal hazard indices, the activity concentration index and the radium …
Phosphogypsum is the most significant industrial solid waste in the world. Phosphogypsum has a complex composition and its traditional storage methods occu. ... and FAO, using "phosphogypsum", "agriculture", and "hazards" as keywords, and narrowed down the scope by using time as a filtering condition. After screening, data and ...
Husein Malkawi, D. A., Husein Malkawi, A. I. & Bani-Hani, K. A. Slope Stability Analysis for the Phosphogypsum Stockpiles: A Case Study for the Sustainable Management of the Phosphogypsum Stacks ...
and sulfuric acids) in the phosphogypsum are an obstacle to its use in the production of building materials. The effect of an acidic environment on phosphogypsum was studied using Na2CO3, K2CO3, and (NH4)2CO3 salts. Special regimes for washing the initial phosphogypsum were developed, in which the reactivity increased by 1.2 …
PHOSPHOGYPSUM FACTSHEET Conservation groups petitioned the Environmental Protection Agency to better regulate phos-phogypsum and process wastewater under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the Toxic Substances Control Act because they pose a substantial hazard and unreasonable risk of injury to human health and the …
Phosphogypsum contains substantial quantities of P, which can be beneficial if large amounts of gypsum are applied. The levels of the other elements in the materials are so low that they are of little importance. Phosphogypsum from Florida contains 226 Ra and gives off radon (222 Rn) gas, which poses a potential health hazard (Mays and Mortvedt ...
This is the first study on the behavior and industrial fluxes of rare earth elements (REE) in the coastal fertilizer plants of Gabes (south-eastern Tunisia), the economic losses related to their wastes, and their environmental and human health hazards. The concentrations of 16 REE were assessed in phosphate rock (PR), …
Phosphogypsum leachate is characterized by multiple pollutants (Xie et al., 2022), and adopting the biological toxicology test could comprehensively and accurately reflect the actual pollution hazard level by integrating interactions among toxic substances (Gu et al., 2021). Zebrafish, due to its small size, high reproductive capacity, short ...
A variety of co-existing impurities in phosphogypsum limit its large-scale and high-value utilization. This paper summarizes the common contents of major impurity components (silicon and phosphorus) and trace impurity components (fluorine, iron, aluminum, and carbon) in phosphogypsum and discusses the harm of impurity …
The leachate of waste phosphogypsum (PG) contains substantial amounts of phosphate, sulfate, and fluoride, which poses an immense threat to the safety of the aquatic ecosystem. In this study, a multi-stage precipitation approach is proposed to treat PG leachates using hybrid alkaline reagents including barium hydroxide (Ba(OH) 2 ) and …
Risk analyses conducted by TFI, and reviewed by the EPA, demonstrate that the proposed use of phosphogypsum in road construction is as protective of public …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is an acid by-product from the production phosphate fertilizers that is produced in large amounts all over the world. However, it is challenging to reuse this waste due to the quantities of various impurities in PG and technical restrictions, resulting in PG accumulation, which threatens adjacent environments.
Phosphogypsum (PG: CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) is a waste product generated by the phosphate industry. World production of this waste exceeds 200 million tonnes per year. PG, discharged into the sea, …
Phosphogypsum (PG) wastes, including solid-state PG and liquid-state PG leachate, are industrial byproducts generated during the production of phosphoric acid. It is of great concern due to the large-scale product accumulation and environmental and geological hazards. Harmless treatment and green chemical resource utilization …
Subpart R protects the public and the environment from the hazards of radioactive materials found in phosphogypsum.. Some Guidance on Applying for Approval for Other Uses of Phosphogypsum (pdf) (54.2 KB) This document provides "some guidance" in recognition that we will continue to add more guidance in response to your …
Phosphogypsum, a waste product from manufacturing fertilizer, emits radon, a radioactive gas. It also contains the …
Phosphogypsum (PG) wastes, including solid-state PG and liquid-state PG leachate, are industrial byproducts generated during the production of phosphoric acid. It …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry that is produced during the phosphoric acid production process. Annual global PG production ranges …
The phosphogypsum and rock phosphate samples were analysed for the estimation of radioactivity in them along with the soil samples. The results for activity concentration of 238 U, 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K in the samples were compared with other studies carried out worldwide. Table 2 shows the wide variation of activity concentrations …
Phosphoric acid manufacturing generates large amounts of phosphogypsum (PG); a by-product generally disposed in the surface or evacuated in the seawater without any pretreatment. Phosphogypsum may host non-negligible amounts of valuable elements such as rare earth elements (REEs), which are critical elements on …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of phosphate fertilizer production that contains various impurities and radionuclides. This review explores its properties, …
In this paper, the hazard prevention and safety risk assessment control model of PG comprehensive utilization is scientifically established from three aspects: hazard identification, risk analysis and hazard characterization, as shown in Fig. 12. Firstly, the site environment and pollutants are investigated to determine the types, distribution ...
Phosphogypsum (PG: CaSO4·2H2O) is a waste product (or by-product) from the production of phosphoric acid, the main component in the production of concentrated simple and complex fertilizers.
Phosphogypsum is the radioactive waste from phosphate ore processing that can contain carcinogens and toxic metals. Learn why conservation groups are petitioning the EPA to …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product produced during the wet process of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) production from natural phosphate rocks. Approximately 4–6 tons of PG is produced per ton of ...
Phosphogypsum is a solid waste byproduct from processing phosphate ore to make phosphoric acid that is later used in fertilizer. Phosphogypsum contains radium, which decays to form radon gas. Both radium and radon are radioactive and can cause cancer.
PG, discharged into the sea, watercourses or in wilderness stocks, contains toxic elements harmful to ecosystems and human health, including heavy metals and radionuclides, and there is therefore a...
Phosphogypsum is an acidic by-product from the phosphate fertilizer industry. Large quantities are produced world-wide and it is estimated that by the year 2000 up to 280 million tonnes will be produced annually. Although phosphogypsum is mainly calcium sulfate dihydrate, it contains elevated levels of impurities which originate …
Cemented backfill is an effective means to increase ore recovery, improve safety conditions, and reduce surface disposal of solid wastes. As a typical solid waste, phosphogypsum (PG) is the by ...
Phosphogypsum (PG) is the primary byproduct generated during the production of phosphoric acid, an intermediate product in phosphate fertilizer production, from calcium phosphate (apatite) ore. PG also exists in very small amounts in nature where it is the result of natural guano processes as they took for instance place in the …