The bentonite clay after acid activation was used as a catalyst for diester preparation using succinic acid and ethanol. The conversion of succinic acid was 62% …
after treatment with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid (H 2SO 4). Smectites such as montmorillonite, saponite, hectorite, nontronite and beidellite are the major clay minerals of bentonites (Bergaya et al., 2006), which also include other clay and non-clay minerals as impurities (Moore & Reynolds, 1997, Sohling et al., 2009; Steudel et al., 2013).
Pakistan is adsorption by inorganic acid activated fuller's earth (bentonite clay). Treatment with inorganic acid (Sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid) activated bentonite clay is very efficient and shows satisfactory results. But there is a major disadvantage associated with its use. Fumes of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric
Activated Na-bentonite was prepared using sulfuric acid. Flow curves of the suspensions were modeled using the Herschel-Bulkley equation, which performed well for this system. ... The effect of the electrolyte concentration and pH on the rheological properties of the original and the Na 2 CO 3-activated Kütahya bentonite. Applied Clay …
Abstract A study is performed of the effect the means of activation of bentonite-like clays (acidic, alkaline, combined) have on the adsorption characteristics of Fe3+ ions under static conditions. The mechanism of the acidic and alkaline activation of montmorillonite is identified and found to depend on the concentration of the activating …
Solutions of sulfuric acid and lithium hydroxide are used as activating agents. It is shown that during combined treatment of enriched clay which includes activation with sulfuric …
Raw bentonite (RB) was activated using sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid solutions with concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mol/L, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images, specific surface area, pore volume, cation exchange capacity, X-ray diffraction patterns, and binding energy of RB and acid-activated bentonites were also ...
Natural bentonite was activated with 2 M sulfuric acid, 4.5 h and 95 °C (the best acid-activated sample with the highest adsorption capacity) and the other 6 M sulfuric acid, 7.5 h and 95 °C ...
Acid activations were carried out by heating muds prepared using calcium bentonite (CaB), sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4), and distilled water yielding different bleaching earths …
Bentonite cation exchange capacity (CEC) for Co(II) and Cr(VI) had a maximum value of (3256.7and 11653.9 meq/100g clay) when bentonite activated with 15% H2SO4 concentration.
A natural bentonite obtained from Khorasan, Iran, was submitted to acid activation with sulphuric acid. Sample aliquots (5gr) were leached with 100 ml H2SO4 solutions of various concentrations (2-7N) … Expand
chosen. The second process was bleaching of Niger seed oil and rapeseed oil using the chosen activated bentonite. The raw bentonite collected from Gewane in Afar region was activated by sulfuric acid and the design of various experiments in order to assess and simulate the effects of the acid activation of raw bentonite on the bleaching capacity of
In this study, the use of bentonite clay modified by acid activation is proposed. Sulfuric acid, acetic acid (v-acid/w-clay ratio=20, 40 and 60%) and sulfuric/acetic mixtures (1:1 ratio) were used in the bentonite clay activation. The activated clays were used in the UMO treatment in a ratio of 1:4 w/v, using batch adsorption processes (contact ...
Biodiesel obtained by transesterification of vegetable oils and fats is an alternative for petro-diesel fuel. Purification of biodiesel is one of the crucial steps in the production of biodiesel. The conventional wet washing of biodiesel involves huge quantities of water, energy, and time. Therefore, dry washing was carried out with raw bentonite …
Acid activation is a common chemical modification of clays, usually bentonites, with a hot solution of a mineral acid (typically HCl or H 2 SO 4), and it is used for both scientific and industrial purposes.The aim is to obtain partly dissolved material of increased specific surface area, porosity and surface acidity.The product consists partly …
In this study, the use of bentonite clay modified by acid activation is proposed. Sulfuric acid, acetic acid (v-acid/w-clay ratio=20, 40 and 60%) and sulfuric/acetic mixtures (1:1 ratio) were used ...
For natural and activated bentonite, the water molecules (interlayers) and the structural hydroxyl groups in the bentonite clay layers were observed in the region between 3750 and 3500 cm −1 ...
Activation of bentonite by acid is an important step for adsorption of some impurities by active clay [6]. This is so-called "activation process". The activation of bentonite is carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor at low temperatures between 70 and 120 °C in the presence of activation agents, mostly sulfuric acid [7]. During ...
Activation of Bentonite clay using hydrochloric acid (HCl) [15], [16], sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) [17], [18] and other acids [19], [20] has been reported. Out of all acids, H 2 SO 4 is preferred mostly as the activation can be performed by mild process conditions and the quality of the end product is better with high specific surface area and ...
The clay samples were activated using sulfuric acid of various concentrations( blank solution, 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % ) at 90 o C. The bleaching efficiency of the activated clays for sun flower oil were recorded using double beam UV/Visible and single beam spectrometers before and after the refining processes.
Acid activation is a chemical treatment traditionally used on clays, typically bentonites in hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, to obtain partly dissolved materials with enhanced surface properties suitable for new applications or displaying interesting new behaviour.This paper is based mostly on the results of long-running experiments in our …
Abstract. Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching earths (BEs). The roles of each of the process variables, namely mass fraction of H 2 …
Specific properties of bentonite clay have made them a valuable material in different process industries. Easy availability, low price and their effectiveness are the major factors which made fuller's earth, an adsorbent in cooking oil manufacturing industry. Textural characteristics of fuller's earth play an important role in its performance. These …
A linear plot of ln ln(S/S 0) versus ln t will give slope b and intercept a. Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 show the fitting of kinetic model for activation of bentonite by sulfuric acid at different concentration of sulfuric acid. It is interesting to see that specific surface area–time data of bentonite activated by sulfuric acid fit the modified kinetic model …
The objective of this work was to determine the changes of thermal and surface properties of a bentonite from Çankιrι after activation using different concentrations of H2SO4 solutions (0.5–4 M). XRD, FTIR, DTA, and TG analyses of the samples were performed to examine the structural changes of the bentonite before and after acid activation. DTA …
Abstract- The acid-activated bentonite clay is a low-cost adsorbent. This adsorbent was prepared using sulfuric acid reflux and was used for lead removal from wastewater resulting from batteries industries. RSM was used to optimize results, seventeen experimental runs were obtained for the production of activated bentonite clay at …
Bentonite clay is formed from ancient volcanic ash that was once exposed to seawater, at which point it absorbed a whole lot of minerals. It's often sourced from ancient seabeds (that are now dry land), and its name comes from Fort Benton, Montana—the location of the largest known deposit of bentonite clay. It's also called …
In this study, a two-stage process was conducted. The first one was carrying out the activation process of raw bentonite at different conditions and the optimum parameter was chosen. The second process was bleaching of Niger seed oil and rapeseed oil using the chosen activated bentonite. The raw bentonite collected from Gewane in Afar region …
Our previous study reported that the acid activation of bentonite using a single-acid solution, such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or phosphoric acid, improved the electrical conductivity in tap water . …
The presence of emerging pollutants such as hazardous chemicals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals in water sources is a serious concern to the environment and human health. Thus, this study focused on exploring the interaction mechanisms between ciprofloxacin (CIP) (antibiotic) and clay …
activation of the clay may result in different adsorption properties such as porosity, surface area, and pore size distribution. Na-rich bentonite (NaB) or Ca-rich bentonite (CaB) are clays which ...